{"id":313,"date":"2019-08-23T16:29:25","date_gmt":"2019-08-23T08:29:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bihec.com\/brimrose\/?p=313"},"modified":"2019-08-23T16:29:25","modified_gmt":"2019-08-23T08:29:25","slug":"brimrose-aotf-nir%e5%85%89%e8%b0%b1%e6%b3%95%e5%bf%ab%e9%80%9f%e9%89%b4%e5%88%ab%e5%9b%9e%e6%94%b6%e5%88%a9%e7%94%a8%e7%9a%84%e8%81%9a%e5%90%88%e7%89%a9%e5%ba%9f%e5%bc%83%e7%89%a9","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bihec.com\/brimrose\/brimrose-aotf-nir%e5%85%89%e8%b0%b1%e6%b3%95%e5%bf%ab%e9%80%9f%e9%89%b4%e5%88%ab%e5%9b%9e%e6%94%b6%e5%88%a9%e7%94%a8%e7%9a%84%e8%81%9a%e5%90%88%e7%89%a9%e5%ba%9f%e5%bc%83%e7%89%a9\/","title":{"rendered":"Brimrose AOTF-NIR\u5149\u8c31\u6cd5\u5feb\u901f\u9274\u522b\u56de\u6536\u5229\u7528\u7684\u805a\u5408\u7269\u5e9f\u5f03\u7269"},"content":{"rendered":"

Brimrose<\/a> AOTF-NIR<\/a>\u5149\u8c31\u6cd5\u5feb\u901f\u9274\u522b\u56de\u6536\u5229\u7528\u7684\u805a\u5408\u7269\u5e9f\u5f03\u7269<\/p>\n

I. \u7b80\u4ecb<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u58f0\u5149\u53ef\u8c03<\/a>\u6ee4\u6ce2\u5668\uff08AOTF<\/a>\uff09\u7684\u539f\u7406\u57fa\u4e8e\u5149\u5728\u5404\u5411\u5f02\u6027\u4ecb\u8d28\u4e2d\u7684\u58f0\u6298\u5c04\u3002\u88c5\u7f6e\u7531\u7c98\u5728\u53cc\u6298\u5c04\u6676\u4f53\u4e0a\u7684\u538b\u7535\u5bfc\u5c42\u6784\u6210\u3002\u5f53\u5bfc\u5c42\u88ab\u5e94\u7528<\/a>\u7684\u5c04\u9891\uff08RF\uff09\u4fe1\u53f7\u6fc0\u53d1\u65f6\uff0c\u5728\u6676\u4f53\u5185\u4ea7\u751f\u58f0\u6ce2\u3002\u4f20\u5bfc\u4e2d\u7684\u58f0\u6ce2\u4ea7\u751f\u6298\u5c04\u7387\u7684\u5468\u671f\u6027\u8c03\u5236\u3002\u8fd9\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u79fb\u52a8\u7684\u76f8\u6805\uff0c\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u6298\u5c04\u5165\u5c04\u5149\u675f\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u58f0\u9891\uff0c\u5149\u9891\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a84\u5e26\u6ee1\u8db3\u76f8\u5339\u914d\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u88ab\u7d2f\u52a0\u6298\u5c04\u3002RF\u9891\u7387\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u5149\u7684\u5e26\u901a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u76f8\u5e94\u6539\u53d8\u4ee5\u7ef4\u6301\u76f8\u5339\u914d\u6761\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u5149\u8c31\u7684\u8fd1\u7ea2\u5916<\/a>\u8303\u56f4\u4ece800nm\u52302500 nm\u5ef6\u4f38\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u533a\u57df\u6700\u7a81\u51fa\u7684\u5438\u6536\u8c31\u5e26\u5f52\u56e0\u4e8e\u4e2d\u7ea2\u5916\u533a\u57df\u7684\u57fa\u9891\u632f\u52a8\u7684\u6cdb\u9891\u548c\u5408\u9891\u3002\u662f\u57fa\u6001\u5230\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6fc0\u53d1\u6001\u6216\u7b2c\u4e09\u6fc0\u53d1\u6001\u7684\u80fd\u7ea7\u8dc3\u8fc1\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u8f83\u9ad8\u80fd\u7ea7\u8dc3\u8fc1\u8fde\u7eed\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u6982\u7387\u8f83\u5c0f\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6cdb\u9891\u7684\u5f3a\u5ea6\u8fde\u7eed\u51cf\u5f31\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u8dc3\u8fc1\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6216\u7b2c\u4e09\u6fc0\u53d1\u6001\u6240\u9700\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u8fd1\u4f3c\u4e8e\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ea7\u8dc3\u8fc1\u6240\u9700\u80fd\u91cf\u7684\u4e8c\u500d\u6216\u4e09\u500d\uff0c\u5438\u6536\u8c31\u5e26\u4ea7\u751f\u5728\u57fa\u9891\u6ce2\u957f\u7684\u4e00\u534a\u548c\u4e09\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u5904\u3002\u89e6\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u6cdb\u9891\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u4e5f\u4ea7\u751f\u5408\u9891\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u901a\u5e38\u5305\u62ec\u5ef6\u4f38\u52a0\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u632f\u52a8\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u4f38\u7f29\u3002\u5927\u91cf\u4e0d\u540c\u5408\u9891\u662f\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u8fd1\u7ea2\u5916\u533a\u57df\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u8c31\u5e26\u5f7c\u6b64\u90e8\u5206\u53e0\u52a0\u3002<\/p>\n

\u73b0\u5728\uff0cNIR<\/a>S\u88ab\u7528\u4f5c\u5b9a\u91cf\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5b83\u4f9d\u8d56\u5316\u5b66\u8ba1\u91cf\u5b66\u6765\u53d1\u5c55\u6821\u6b63\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u53c2\u7167\u5206\u6790\u548c\u8fd1\u7ea2\u5916\u5149\u8c31<\/a>\u7684\u5206\u6790\u7684\u5173\u8054\u3002\u8fd1\u7ea2\u5916\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u5904\u7406\u5305\u62ec\u591a\u5143\u7ebf\u6027\u56de\u5f52\u6cd5\uff08MLR\uff09\u3001\u4e3b\u6210\u5206\u5206\u6790\u6cd5<\/a>\uff08PCA\uff09\u3001\u4e3b\u6210\u5206\u56de\u5f52\u6cd5\uff08PCR\uff09\u3001\u504f\u6700\u5c0f\u4e8c\u4e58\u6cd5<\/a>\uff08PLS\uff09\u548c\u8bc6\u522b\u5206\u6790\u3002\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7b97\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5355\u72ec\u6216\u8054\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u6765\u5f97\u5230\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u5b9a\u6027\u63cf\u8ff0\u548c\u5b9a\u91cf\u9884\u6d4b\u3002<\/p>\n

II.\u5b9e\u9a8c\u65b9\u6cd5<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u4eea\u5668\u8bbe\u5907<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \u6c34\u5e73\u5b89\u88c5Brimrose \u81ea\u7531\u7a7a\u95f4\u5149\u8c31\u4eea<\/a>\u7684\u5149\u5b66\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u5c06\u5149\u5b66\u6a21\u5757\u8d34\u8fd1\u73bb\u7483\u7a97\u53e3\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u67e5\u770b\u6837\u54c1\u3002\u7a97\u53e3\u88ab\u4e00\u4e2a\u67b6\u5b50\u652f\u6491\u5728\u652f\u67b6\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e0e\u6a21\u5757\u5728\u5408\u9002\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u67b6\u6784\u6a21\u62df\u4e86\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u573a\u666f\u3002<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. \u6570\u636e\u6536\u96c6<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      The spectra from soft back samples of carpets were collected once from the shag side and once from the back side to simulate a real life situation where pieces may face the spectrometer either way.\u00a0 The spectra from yarn samples was collected once, without any attempt to create a reproducible packing density, again assuming that in real life yarns will be presented with variability of the conditions.\u00a0 The hard waste in form of chips, flakes or pellets was loaded into petri dishes and spectra was collected in a static mode for a fraction of a second (10 scans).\u00a0 This condition creates spectra collection that is more difficult to use because it represents a smaller number of pieces.\u00a0 In real life the situation will be better because the sample will be moving and the spectrometer will collect spectra on a larger sample.<\/p>\n

      III.\u00a0 Results<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n

        \n
      1. Spectra<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        \"\"<\/p>\n

        Figure 2. <\/strong>\u00a0Absorbance spectra from soft back and yarn samples of N66, N6, polypropylene and PET.<\/p>\n

        \"\"<\/p>\n

        Figure 3.\u00a0 <\/strong>First derivative spectra from samples shown in absorbance spectra above.<\/p>\n

        The differences become much more apparent in the first derivative spectra than in the absorbance spectra.<\/p>\n

        \"\"<\/p>\n

        Figure 4. <\/strong>\u00a0Absorbance spectra from solid waste samples. The spectrum from the sample PPSC002 (PET clear film) is the one on the bottom, showing the \u201csinusoidal\u201d shape that is typical of interference fringes behavior. The second spectrum from the top that shows very flat response is the one from sample NXBC002, the high carbon containing nylon.<\/p>\n

        The spectra basically are similar to that of the soft waste and the physical shape of the samples and the differences in packing density do not affect the ability to collect acceptable spectra. The only difficulty experienced with the hard waste was with the samples that contained a high degree of carbon powder because these samples absorb the NIR light very strongly. As a result, the conditions that are suitable for collecting from regular waste are not adequate for those with carbon filler. The other type of sample that created problems was the fine sheet film.\u00a0 This sample responded as expected with spectra that show the phenomenon known as \u201cinterference fringes\u201d.\u00a0 It is possible that if such waste becomes very dense due to packing pressure in the container, this issue will be resolved. If not, other approaches will be examined to resolve the issue.<\/p>\n

        \"\"<\/p>\n

        Figure 5.<\/strong>\u00a0 First derivative spectra from the absorbance spectra from Figure 4.<\/p>\n

        As was the case with the soft waste, the spectral differences become more apparent when looking at the first derivative spectra.\u00a0 Although it is not completely apparent by sight, the first derivative spectra from the clear film is completely meaningless.<\/p>\n

          \n
        1. Regressions, Modeling, and Predictions<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          In order to evaluate the ability to distinguish between the nylons, the polypropylene (PP) and the PET samples, an arbitrary number was assigned to each group. The PET\u2019s were given a value of one, the PP were given a value of 2, and the nylons a value of 3. A PLS 1 regression was run using the chemometric software package Unscrambler. The regression is shown in Figure 6 below.<\/p>\n

          \"\"<\/p>\n

          Figure 6.<\/strong>\u00a0 PLS 1 regression model of the arbitrary values for the different polymers.<\/p>\n

          The standard error of prediction (SEP) is only 0.16, indicating a very good regression.\u00a0 Considering the fact that there were only a small number of PP samples, the \u201cdrift\u201d of the PP samples to the left of the line can be understood.\u00a0 A larger number of PP samples are needed for a better regression.\u00a0 Despite this, the distinction between the PP, PET and nylons is complete.<\/p>\n

          \"\"<\/p>\n

          Figure 7.<\/strong>\u00a0 Regression coefficients for the regression shown in Figure 6 above.<\/p>\n

          The regression coefficients show the wavelength regions from where the model gets its relevant information.\u00a0 It is pretty clear that the regression coefficients correspond to the wavelength regions in the first derivative spectra where the largest changes occur.\u00a0\u00a0 This is one indication that the model is a good one and that the spectral information comes from relevant wavelength regions where changes occur.\u00a0 This model was used to predict values for the unknowns and the results are shown in the table below.<\/h4>\n

           <\/p>\n

           <\/p>\n

           <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
          Sample name<\/td>\nPrediction<\/td>\nSample name<\/td>\nPrediction<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          SB010<\/td>\nNylon<\/td>\nY056<\/td>\nNylon<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          SB011<\/td>\nNylon<\/td>\nY073<\/td>\nNylon<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          SB050<\/td>\nNylon<\/td>\nY028<\/td>\nNylon<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          SB047<\/td>\nNylon<\/td>\nNET#1<\/td>\nNylon<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          SB005<\/td>\nNylon<\/td>\n\n

          NET#2<\/h1>\n<\/td>\n

          		Nylon<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          SB006<\/td>\nNylon<\/td>\nNET#3<\/td>\nNylon<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          SB024<\/td>\nNylon<\/td>\nNCRE004<\/td>\nNylon<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          SB026<\/td>\nNylon<\/td>\nNPO057<\/td>\nPET<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          Y023<\/td>\nNylon<\/td>\nNPO050<\/td>\nPET<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          Y045<\/td>\nNylon<\/td>\nNPO062<\/td>\nPET<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          Y061<\/td>\nPolypropylene<\/td>\nNN058<\/td>\nNylon<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          Y037<\/td>\nNylon<\/td>\nNN067<\/td>\nNylon<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          Y007<\/td>\nNylon<\/td>\nNN066<\/td>\nNylon<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          Y027<\/td>\nNylon<\/td>\n <\/td>\n <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

           <\/p>\n

          Table 1.<\/strong>\u00a0 Prediction of unknown samples on the basis of regression between the nylons as one group.<\/p>\n

           <\/p>\n

          The predictions of all samples were correct. However, because the chemical differences between the two nylon types (6 and the 6,6) are much smaller than the differences between the three types, it is not realistic that a general model covering all three polymers will predict between the two nylons.\u00a0 In order to verify the validity of the method for these two types of nylon a sub-set of samples containing only nylons was created.\u00a0 In this set, nylon 6 was given a value of 1 and nylon 6,6 was given a value of 2. A regression model was created and the result is shown in Figure 8 below.\u00a0 The SEP is only 0.145 and it is definitely indicative that distinguishing between the two nylon types is feasible with high degree of reliability.\u00a0 To test the reliability of the method, several sets of \u201cunknowns\u201d were created, by removing some samples from the regression. These \u201cunknowns\u201d were then predicted along with the real unknowns.<\/p>\n

          \"\"<\/p>\n

          Figure 8.<\/strong>\u00a0 PLS 1 regression model of nylon 6 and nylon 6,6 samples. The SEP is only 0.145. The results suggest that distinguishing between the two nylon types is very feasible.<\/p>\n

           <\/p>\n

          The results for this model were excellent.\u00a0 The SEP is very low and indicates that separating the two nylon types is definitely feasible.\u00a0\u00a0 Several sets of artificial unknowns are shown in the table below.\u00a0 With the possible exception of sample Y004, all the predictions are correct.\u00a0 It is very possible that this sample was mislabeled as Nylon 6,6 when it was actually Nylon 6.<\/p>\n

           <\/p>\n

          This table shows validation sets 1 through 5. The real unknowns are listed first and they were predicted very reproducibly in all 5 sets.<\/p>\n

           <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
          Sample<\/td>\nPredict<\/td>\nStatus<\/td>\nSample<\/td>\nPredict<\/td>\nStatus<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          Ncre004<\/td>\n6,6<\/td>\nV<\/td>\nY015<\/td>\n6,6<\/td>\n+<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          Net#1<\/td>\n6,6<\/td>\nV<\/td>\nY022<\/td>\n6,6<\/td>\n+<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          Net#2<\/td>\n6,6<\/td>\nV<\/td>\nY044<\/td>\n6<\/td>\n+<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          Net#3<\/td>\n6,6<\/td>\nV<\/td>\nY046<\/td>\n6,6<\/td>\n+<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          SB005<\/td>\n6<\/td>\nV<\/td>\nY059<\/td>\n6,6<\/td>\n+<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          SB006<\/td>\n6,6<\/td>\nV<\/td>\nY072<\/td>\n6,6<\/td>\n+<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          SB010<\/td>\n6,6<\/td>\nV<\/td>\nY086<\/td>\n6<\/td>\n+<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          SB011<\/td>\n6,6<\/td>\nV<\/td>\nNmil017<\/td>\n6,6<\/td>\n+<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          SB024<\/td>\n6,6<\/td>\nV<\/td>\nSB002<\/td>\n6,6<\/td>\n+<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          SB026<\/td>\n6,6<\/td>\nV<\/td>\nSB007<\/td>\n6,6<\/td>\n+<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          SB047<\/td>\n6,6<\/td>\nV<\/td>\nSB040<\/td>\n6<\/td>\n+<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          SB050<\/td>\n6,6<\/td>\nV<\/td>\nSB046<\/td>\n6,6<\/td>\n+<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          SB055<\/td>\n6<\/td>\nV<\/td>\nSB053<\/td>\n6<\/td>\n+<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          Y007<\/td>\n6<\/td>\nV<\/td>\nSB064<\/td>\n6<\/td>\n+<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          Y023<\/td>\n6,6<\/td>\nV<\/td>\nSB065<\/td>\n6,6<\/td>\n+<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          Y027<\/td>\n6,6<\/td>\nV<\/td>\nY002<\/td>\n6<\/td>\n+<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          Y028<\/td>\n6,6<\/td>\nV<\/td>\nY006<\/td>\n6<\/td>\n+<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          Y037<\/td>\n6,6<\/td>\nV<\/td>\nY024<\/td>\n6,6<\/td>\n+<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          Y045<\/td>\n6,6<\/td>\nV<\/td>\nY031<\/td>\n6,6<\/td>\n+<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          Y056<\/td>\n6,6<\/td>\nV<\/td>\nY040<\/td>\n6,6<\/td>\n+<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          Y073<\/td>\n6<\/td>\nV<\/td>\nY068<\/td>\n6,6<\/td>\n+<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          Artificial unknowns<\/td>\nY077<\/td>\n6,6<\/td>\n+<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          Nab002<\/td>\n6,6<\/td>\n+<\/td>\nYSBO699<\/td>\n6<\/td>\n+<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          SB001<\/td>\n6,6<\/td>\n+<\/td>\nSB028<\/td>\n6,6<\/td>\n+<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          SB008<\/td>\n6,6<\/td>\n+<\/td>\nSB035<\/td>\n6,6<\/td>\n+<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          SB015<\/td>\n6<\/td>\n+<\/td>\nSB060<\/td>\n6,6<\/td>\n+<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          SB019<\/td>\n6<\/td>\n+<\/td>\nSB062<\/td>\n6,6<\/td>\n+<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          SB023<\/td>\n6<\/td>\n+<\/td>\nY026<\/td>\n6,6<\/td>\n+<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          SB030<\/td>\n6,6<\/td>\n+<\/td>\nY049<\/td>\n6,6<\/td>\n+<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          SB034<\/td>\n6,6<\/td>\n+<\/td>\nY063<\/td>\n6,6<\/td>\n+<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          SB041<\/td>\n6,6<\/td>\n+<\/td>\nY072<\/td>\n6,6<\/td>\n+<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          Y005<\/td>\n6,6<\/td>\n+<\/td>\nSB013<\/td>\n6<\/td>\n+<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          SB027<\/td>\n6,6<\/td>\n+<\/td>\nY076<\/td>\n6,6<\/td>\n+<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          SB041<\/td>\n6,6<\/td>\n+<\/td>\nNBS2065<\/td>\n6,6<\/td>\n+<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          SB057<\/td>\n6<\/td>\n+<\/td>\nNWTX012<\/td>\n6,6<\/td>\n+<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          Y001<\/td>\n6<\/td>\n+<\/td>\nSB008<\/td>\n6,6<\/td>\n+<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          Y022<\/td>\n6,6<\/td>\n+<\/td>\nSB016<\/td>\n6<\/td>\n+<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          Y030<\/td>\n6<\/td>\n+<\/td>\nSB019<\/td>\n6<\/td>\n+<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          Y062<\/td>\n6,6<\/td>\n+<\/td>\nSB025<\/td>\n6<\/td>\n+<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          Y067<\/td>\n6,6<\/td>\n+<\/td>\nSB030<\/td>\n6,6<\/td>\n+<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          Y069<\/td>\n6,6<\/td>\n+<\/td>\nSB043<\/td>\n6,6<\/td>\n+<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          Y029<\/td>\n6,6<\/td>\n+<\/td>\nY054<\/td>\n6,6<\/td>\n+<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          Y069<\/td>\n6,6<\/td>\n+<\/td>\nYBSO716<\/td>\n6<\/td>\n+<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          Y071<\/td>\n6,6<\/td>\n+<\/td>\nY010<\/td>\n6<\/td>\n+<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          Y004<\/td>\n6<\/td>\n(-)<\/td>\n <\/td>\n <\/td>\n <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

           <\/p>\n

          Table 2<\/strong>.\u00a0 Prediction results of real unknowns and artificial unknowns based on 5 sets of regressions where the unknowns were kept out of the regression and predictions were made using the model.\u00a0 A V sign stands for correct prediction of a real unknown. A + sign stands for correct prediction of a known sample that was treated as an unknown by keeping it out of\u00a0 the calibration set.<\/p>\n

          One can see that sample Y004 was labeled 6,6 and it was predicted twice as 6, using two different sets of artificial unknowns.\u00a0 It is possible that it was mislabeled and should be checked again.<\/p>\n

          B. Hard waste<\/strong><\/p>\n

           <\/p>\n

          The hard waste spectra, without the spectra for the very dark nylon pellets, and the thin clear film that produced the poor spectra discussed above was subjected to chemometric treatment. The result is similar, and despite the large differences in the physical shape of the samples, from chunks to flakes, the regression only required 2 PC\u2019s. It is obvious to Brimrose that a larger sample set will give even better results.<\/p>\n

          \"\"<\/p>\n

          Figure 9. <\/strong>\u00a0PLS 1 regression model of the nylon (6 and 6,6), polypropylene and PET with arbitrary values of 3, 2 and 1 respectively. The SEP is only 0.18, and only 2 PC\u2019s were used.<\/p>\n

          Due to the small number of samples of nylon 6 among the nylon samples it was not possible to perform a separate regression to show the feasibility of distinguishing between the two nylons. However, it is expected that the results will be similar to the soft-back. From an operational point of view, it is preferable to have the large chunks hard waste shredded prior to presentation to the spectrometer simply because it will provide better spectra.<\/p>\n

          IV. Conclusions and Recommendations<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n

           <\/p>\n

          It can be concluded from the results of this experiment that it is definitely feasible to separate and identify these types of polymers using the Brimrose AOTF-NIR spectrometer.\u00a0 The nylons can be separated from the PET and PP and the nylons can be separated from each other using separate regression models.\u00a0 The speed of the Brimrose instrument will enable the identification to be done quickly, most likely at a rate of 3-5 times per second on waste moving in a chute.\u00a0\u00a0 A Brimrose Free Space spectrometer can be installed on a chute where the waste is being loaded or unloaded as the waste is moving.\u00a0 The results can be displayed on a monitor in the operator\u2019s control room.\u00a0 A Macro program can be written that when used with the Brimrose SNAP! Software will enable the design of alarms for when the presence of an undesired polymer mixed with a desired polymer exceeds a certain level.<\/p>\n

          AOTF<\/a>\nBrimrose<\/a>\nKOH\u5728\u7ebf\u68c0\u6d4b<\/a>\nPET\u7f9f\u503c<\/a>\nPET\u9178\u503c<\/a>\n\u4fbf\u643a\u5f0f\u5149\u8c31\u4eea<\/a>\n\u4fbf\u643a\u5f0f\u8fd1\u7ea2\u5916<\/a>\n\u4fbf\u643a\u8fd1\u7ea2\u5916<\/a>\n\u5085\u91cc\u53f6\u7ea2\u5916\u5149\u8c31\u4eea<\/a>\n\u56de\u6536\u805a\u5408\u7269\u5e9f\u5f03\u7269<\/a>\n\u5728\u7ebf\u7f9f\u503c<\/a>\n\u5728\u7ebf\u8fd1\u7ea2\u5916<\/a>\n\u5728\u7ebf\u8fd1\u7ea2\u5916\u5149\u8c31\u4eea<\/a>\n\u5728\u7ebf\u9178\u503c<\/a>\n\u7ea2\u5916\u5149\u8c31<\/a>\n\u805a\u916f<\/a>\n\u8fd1\u7ea2\u5916\u5149\u8c31\u6280\u672f<\/a>\n\u8fd1\u7ea2\u5916\u5728\u7ebf\u5149\u8c31\u4eea<\/a>\n\u9178\u5ea6<\/a><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

          Brimrose AOTF-NIR\u5149\u8c31\u6cd5\u5feb\u901f\u9274\u522b\u56de\u6536\u5229\u7528\u7684\u805a\u5408\u7269\u5e9f\u5f03\u7269 I. \u7b80\u4ecb \u58f0\u5149\u53ef\u8c03\u6ee4\u6ce2\u5668\uff08AOTF\uff09\u7684\u539f\u7406\u57fa\u4e8e\u5149\u5728\u5404\u5411\u5f02\u6027\u4ecb\u8d28\u4e2d\u7684\u58f0\u6298\u5c04\u3002\u88c5\u7f6e\u7531\u7c98\u5728\u53cc\u6298\u5c04\u6676\u4f53\u4e0a\u7684\u538b\u7535\u5bfc\u5c42 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":19,"featured_media":210,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[33,34,43,48,47,53,62,61,55,161,42,36,35,41,50,45,58,37,44],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bihec.com\/brimrose\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/313"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bihec.com\/brimrose\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bihec.com\/brimrose\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bihec.com\/brimrose\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/19"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bihec.com\/brimrose\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=313"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.bihec.com\/brimrose\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/313\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bihec.com\/brimrose\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/210"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bihec.com\/brimrose\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=313"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bihec.com\/brimrose\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=313"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bihec.com\/brimrose\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=313"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}