{"id":341,"date":"2019-08-27T15:36:17","date_gmt":"2019-08-27T07:36:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bihec.com\/brimrose\/?p=341"},"modified":"2019-09-11T15:48:39","modified_gmt":"2019-09-11T07:48:39","slug":"brimrose-aotf-nir%e5%85%89%e8%b0%b1%e6%b3%95%e9%89%b4%e5%88%ab%e4%b9%b3%e6%b6%b2%e5%92%8c%e6%82%ac%e6%b5%ae%e8%81%9a%e6%b0%af%e4%b9%99%e7%83%afpvc%e7%b2%89%e6%9c%ab","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bihec.com\/brimrose\/brimrose-aotf-nir%e5%85%89%e8%b0%b1%e6%b3%95%e9%89%b4%e5%88%ab%e4%b9%b3%e6%b6%b2%e5%92%8c%e6%82%ac%e6%b5%ae%e8%81%9a%e6%b0%af%e4%b9%99%e7%83%afpvc%e7%b2%89%e6%9c%ab\/","title":{"rendered":"Brimrose AOTF-NIR\u5149\u8c31\u6cd5\u9274\u522b\u4e73\u6db2\u548c\u60ac\u6d6e\u805a\u6c2f\u4e59\u70efPVC\u7c89\u672b"},"content":{"rendered":"

Brimrose<\/a> AOTF-NIR<\/a><\/u><\/strong>\u5149\u8c31\u6cd5\u9274\u522b\u4e73\u6db2\u548c\u60ac\u6d6e\u805a\u6c2f\u4e59\u70ef<\/u><\/strong>PVC<\/u><\/strong>\u7c89\u672b<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n

I. \u64cd\u4f5c<\/u><\/strong>\u603b\u7ed3<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n

Brimrose AOTF-NIR Luminar<\/a> 2030 \u81ea\u7531\u7a7a\u95f4\u5149\u8c31\u4eea<\/a>\u7528\u4e8e\u626b\u63cf2\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u79cd\u7c7b\u805a\u6c2f\u4e59\u70ef\uff08PVC\uff09\u7c89\u672b\u7684\u5149\u8c31\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u5546\u4e1a\u540d\u79f0\u662fLztavil\uff0c\u4e24\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u7684PVC\u7c89\u672b\u662f\u60ac\u6d6e\u7269\u548c\u4e73\u6db2\u3002\u7ed3\u679c\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5149\u8c31\u5dee\u5f02\u6e05\u6670\u660e\u4e86\uff0c\u8868\u660eBrimrose \u81ea\u7531\u7a7a\u95f4<\/a>\u5149\u8c31\u4eea<\/a>\u53ef\u4ee5\u533a\u5206\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cdPVC\u7c89\u672b\u3002PCA\u5206\u6790\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4e86Brimrose\u81ea\u7531\u7a7a\u95f4\u5149\u8c31\u4eea\u80fd\u591f\u4f7f\u7528\u5149\u8c31\u6570\u636e\u548cPCA\u6821\u51c6\u6a21\u578b\u51c6\u786e\u786e\u5b9a\u6b63\u5728\u626b\u63cf\u7684\u7c89\u672b\u7c7b\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

II. \u7b80\u4ecb<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u58f0\u5149\u53ef\u8c03<\/a>\u6ee4\u6ce2\u5668\uff08 AOTF<\/a>\uff09\u7684\u539f\u7406\u57fa\u4e8e\u5149\u5728\u5404\u5411\u5f02\u6027\u4ecb\u8d28\u4e2d\u7684\u58f0\u6298\u5c04\u3002\u88c5\u7f6e\u7531\u7c98\u5728\u53cc\u6298\u5c04\u6676\u4f53\u4e0a\u7684\u538b\u7535\u5bfc\u5c42\u6784\u6210\u3002\u5f53\u5bfc\u5c42\u88ab \u5e94\u7528<\/a>\u7684\u5c04\u9891\uff08RF\uff09\u4fe1\u53f7\u6fc0\u53d1\u65f6\uff0c\u5728\u6676\u4f53\u5185\u4ea7\u751f\u58f0\u6ce2\u3002\u4f20\u5bfc\u4e2d\u7684\u58f0\u6ce2\u4ea7\u751f\u6298\u5c04\u7387\u7684\u5468\u671f\u6027\u8c03\u5236\u3002\u8fd9\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u79fb\u52a8\u7684\u76f8\u6805\uff0c\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u6298\u5c04\u5165\u5c04\u5149\u675f\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u58f0\u9891\uff0c\u5149\u9891\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a84\u5e26\u6ee1\u8db3\u76f8\u5339\u914d\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u88ab\u7d2f\u52a0\u6298\u5c04\u3002RF\u9891\u7387\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u5149\u7684\u5e26\u901a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u76f8\u5e94\u6539\u53d8\u4ee5\u7ef4\u6301\u76f8\u5339\u914d\u6761\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5149\u8c31\u7684 \u8fd1\u7ea2\u5916<\/a>\u8303\u56f4\u4ece800nm\u52302500 nm\u5ef6\u4f38\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u533a\u57df\u6700\u7a81\u51fa\u7684\u5438\u6536\u8c31\u5e26\u5f52\u56e0\u4e8e\u4e2d\u7ea2\u5916\u533a\u57df\u7684\u57fa\u9891\u632f\u52a8\u7684\u6cdb\u9891\u548c\u5408\u9891\u3002\u662f\u57fa\u6001\u5230\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6fc0\u53d1\u6001\u6216\u7b2c\u4e09\u6fc0\u53d1\u6001\u7684\u80fd\u7ea7\u8dc3\u8fc1\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u8f83\u9ad8\u80fd\u7ea7\u8dc3\u8fc1\u8fde\u7eed\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u6982\u7387\u8f83\u5c0f\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6cdb\u9891\u7684\u5f3a\u5ea6\u8fde\u7eed\u51cf\u5f31\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u8dc3\u8fc1\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6216\u7b2c\u4e09\u6fc0\u53d1\u6001\u6240\u9700\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u8fd1\u4f3c\u4e8e\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ea7\u8dc3\u8fc1\u6240\u9700\u80fd\u91cf\u7684\u4e8c\u500d\u6216\u4e09\u500d\uff0c\u5438\u6536\u8c31\u5e26\u4ea7\u751f\u5728\u57fa\u9891\u6ce2\u957f\u7684\u4e00\u534a\u548c\u4e09\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u5904\u3002\u9664\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u6cdb\u9891\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u4e5f\u4ea7\u751f\u5408\u9891\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u901a\u5e38\u5305\u62ec\u5ef6\u4f38\u52a0\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u632f\u52a8\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u4f38\u7f29\u3002\u5927\u91cf\u4e0d\u540c\u5408\u9891\u662f\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u8fd1\u7ea2\u5916\u533a\u57df\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u8c31\u5e26\u5f7c\u6b64\u90e8\u5206\u53e0\u52a0\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u73b0\u5728\uff0c NIR<\/a>S\u88ab\u7528\u4f5c\u5b9a\u91cf\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5b83\u4f9d\u8d56\u5316\u5b66\u8ba1\u91cf\u5b66\u6765\u53d1\u5c55\u6821\u6b63\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u53c2\u7167\u5206\u6790\u548c \u8fd1\u7ea2\u5916\u5149\u8c31<\/a>\u7684\u5206\u6790\u7684\u5173\u8054\u3002\u8fd1\u7ea2\u5916\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u5904\u7406\u5305\u62ec\u591a\u5143\u7ebf\u6027\u56de\u5f52\u6cd5\uff08MLR\uff09\u3001 \u4e3b\u6210\u5206\u5206\u6790\u6cd5<\/a>\uff08PCA\uff09\u3001\u4e3b\u6210\u5206\u56de\u5f52\u6cd5\uff08PCR\uff09\u3001 \u504f\u6700\u5c0f\u4e8c\u4e58\u6cd5<\/a>\uff08PLS\uff09\u548c\u8bc6\u522b\u5206\u6790\u3002\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7b97\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5355\u72ec\u6216\u8054\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u6765\u5f97\u5230\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u5b9a\u6027\u63cf\u8ff0\u548c\u5b9a\u91cf\u9884\u6d4b\u3002<\/p>\n

$\"\"$ <\/p>\n

Figure 1.\u00a0 Schematic of the AOTF<\/p>\n

III.\u00a0 <\/u><\/strong>\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n

A Brimrose AOTF-NIR Luminar<\/a> 2030 Free Space spectrometer was used to scan spectral data on 2 different types of PVC powder.\u00a0 Spectra were first collected for the emulsion powder and then for the suspension powder.\u00a0 The powders were placed in a dish and spectra were collected in two different ways for both powders.\u00a0 The first method of spectra collection was to not move the dish at all during data collection, resulting in the collection of data when the PVC powder is static.\u00a0 The second method was to move the dish around as the powder was scanned, resulting in the dynamic data collection of PVC powder.\u00a0 The powder was measured to keep it at the optimum distance of 40mm from the optical module of the Free Space spectrometer.\u00a0 The spectra were collected in ratio mode to account for any fluctuations in the lamp.\u00a0 Wavelength range was from 1200nm to 2300nm with 2nm resolution.\u00a0 100 scans were collected per reading and averaged into one spectrum.\u00a0 Data acquisition time was about 5 seconds per spectrum.\u00a0 25 individual spectra were collected for both the emulsion powder and the suspension powder during static and dynamic data collection.\u00a0 Raw spectral data was collected in transmission mode and post-processed into absorbance and first derivative.\u00a0 PCA analysis was performed to test the feasibility of classifying the two types of powder based on spectral data.<\/p>\n

IV. <\/u><\/strong>Results<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n

\n
Spectra<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
$\"\"$ <\/p>\n
Figure 2.\u00a0 <\/strong>Raw transmission static spectra of emulsion PVC powder.<\/p>\n
$\"\"$ <\/p>\n
Figure 3.\u00a0 <\/strong>Raw transmission static spectra of suspension PVC powder.<\/p>\n
The raw transmission static spectra of both the emulsion and suspension PVC powder shows good signal to noise ratio.\u00a0 The transmission static spectra of the emulsion and suspension PVC powder were processed into absorbance and merged into one file for comparison purposes.<\/p>\n
$\"\"$ <\/p>\n
Figure 4. \u00a0\u00a0Raw transmission dynamic spectra of emulsion PVC powder.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
$\"\"$ <\/p>\n
Figure 5.\u00a0 <\/strong>Raw transmission dynamic spectra of suspension PVC powder.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n
It is clear that a small baseline shift is occuring due to the movement of the powder during dynamic spectra collection.\u00a0 The chemometric modeling is not affected by a baseline shift and any small variations in distance from the powder sample to the optical head of the Free Space spectrometer will not affect the ability to distinguish between emulsion and suspension PVC powder.\u00a0 The first derivative spectra eliminate any baseline shift effects and the first derivative spectra for both types of powder will show this.\u00a0 The raw dynamic transmission spectra was processed into absorbance and merged into one file for comparison purposes.<\/p>\n
$\"\"$ <\/p>\n
Figure 6.\u00a0 <\/strong>Static absorbance spectra of emulsion and suspension PVC powder.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n
There are clear and discernible spectral differences between the emulsion and suspension PVC powder.\u00a0 Absorbance peaks are shown around 1400nm, 1700nm, and 2200 nm.\u00a0 There is a difference in the absorbance peaks around 1700nm, which is a common absorbing area of the spectrum for polymers due to the presence of C-H bonds.\u00a0 There is also a very clear difference in the spectra from 2200nm to 2300nm.\u00a0 The spectra shown here certainly indicate that the Brimrose Free Space spectrometer can distinguish between the two types of PVC powder and the PCA modeling will confirm this.\u00a0 The results for the dynamic spectra are similar and are not shown here.\u00a0 The spectra in the wavelength areas of interest were enhanced and shown in the following graphs.<\/p>\n
$\"\"$ <\/p>\n
Figure 7.\u00a0 <\/strong>Enhanced absorbance spectra of emulsion and suspension PVC powder from 1674nm to 1766nm.<\/p>\n
There is a very clear difference in the amplitude of the absorbance peaks that occur around 1715nm.\u00a0 The absorbance peak for the suspension PVC powder is much larger.\u00a0 This difference alone is enough for the Brimrose Free Space spectrometer to distinguish between the 2 types of powders and the PCA modeling will prove this.\u00a0 The differences in the peaks at 2200nm are even larger and this is shown in the graph below.<\/p>\n
$\"\"$ <\/p>\n
Figure 8.\u00a0 <\/strong>Enhanced absorbance spectra of emulsion and suspension PVC powder from 2120nm to 2300nm.<\/p>\n
There are very clear differences in the spectra of both the powders from 2200nm to 2300nm.\u00a0\u00a0 The emulsion spectra levels out and the absorbance goes down after 2200nm.\u00a0 The suspension spectra levels out at 2200nm and there is a peak that is not present in the emulsion spectra around 2250nm.\u00a0 These spectra contain more than enough information for the Brimrose Free Space spectrometer to separate emulsion and suspension powder based on spectral data and the chemometric modeling will prove this.\u00a0 Spectra were processed from absorbance into first derivative and these spectra are shown in the graphs below.<\/p>\n
$\"\"$ <\/p>\n
Figure 9.\u00a0 <\/strong>First derivative static spectra of emulsion and suspension PVC powder.\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n
The first derivative dynamic spectra of the emulsion and suspension powders are shown in the graph below for comparison purposes.<\/p>\n
$\"\"$ <\/p>\n
Figure 10.\u00a0 <\/strong>First derivative dynamic spectra of emulsion and suspension PVC powder.<\/p>\n
The first derivative static and dynamic spectra are virtually identical and the baseline shift effect in the absorbance spectra is eliminated.\u00a0 There are very clear spectral differences around 1450nm, 1700nm, and 2250nm.\u00a0 The first derivative spectra often decrease the signal-to-noise ratio but the effect is very small here.\u00a0 Maintaining high signal-to-noise ratio in the first derivative spectra is an indication of good, robust raw data.\u00a0 The differences around 2250nm are similar to those in the absorbance spectra.\u00a0 The differences around 1450nm and 1700nm are different from those in the absorbance spectra and those differences are enhanced in the graphs below.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
$\"\"$ <\/p>\n
Figure 11.\u00a0 <\/strong>Enhanced first derivative spectra from 1673nm to 1985nm.<\/p>\n
The differences in the first derivative spectra in these graphs are very pronounced and provide more than enough information for separation of emulsion and suspension PVC powders.\u00a0 It is often the case that using first derivative spectra for modeling is preferable when the differences between two compounds are very small.\u00a0 In this case, the necessary separation is of two polymer powders of the same material but in different forms.\u00a0 It is necessary to maintain good signal-to-noise ratio when using first derivative spectra and the spectra collected in this study indicate that the first derivative spectra could be used for modeling.\u00a0 PCA models were created using both the absorbance and first derivative spectra.<\/p>\n
\n
Regressions and Modeling<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
$\"\"$ <\/p>\n
Figure 12.\u00a0 <\/strong>Scores plot from PCA analysis for emulsion and suspension absorbance spectra.<\/p>\n
compounds based on spectral data.\u00a0 The scores plot shows how well classification can occur based on spectral data and it is clear that the differences in the spectra are enough to\u00a0\u00a0 distinguish between emulsion and suspension PVC powder.\u00a0 Only one principle component was used for the separation, which indicates that the model is able to separate the powders very easily based on the spectral data.\u00a0 This analysis was performed using the static absorbance spectra.\u00a0 The results were similar for the dynamic spectra and are not shown here.\u00a0 Any change in signal intensity will not affect classification results.\u00a0 First derivative spectra eliminates the baseline shift effect altogether and the scores plot for the PCA analysis based on the first derivative spectra is shown below.<\/p>\n
$\"\"$ <\/p>\n
Figure 13.\u00a0 <\/strong>Scores plot from PCA analysis for emulsion and suspension first derivative spectra.<\/p>\n
The results for the PCA analysis are excellent and clearly show that emulsion and suspension PVC powder can be separated based on spectral data.\u00a0 The PCA analysis for both the absorbance and first derivative spectra indicate that either can be used for separating the emulsion and suspension PVC powders.<\/p>\n
V. Discussion and Conclusions<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n
The results of this study clearly indicate that it is feasible to separate emulsion and suspension PVC powders based on spectral data obtained using the Brimrose AOTF-NIR Luminar 2030 Free Space spectrometer.\u00a0 Despite the fact that the 2 compounds being separated are the same PVC polymer powder in different forms, the spectral differences are clear and discernible.\u00a0 The Brimrose AOTF-NIR spectrometer is the ideal tool for an on-line industrial process because of its high scanning speed, low signal-to-noise ratio, and lack of moving parts.\u00a0 The AOTF technology would allow for real-time on-line detection of emulsion and suspension PVC powder at a rate of about 5 seconds per reading.\u00a0 The Free Space optical head can be mounted above the process line and no contact will be made with the powder.\u00a0 Past experience has shown that a calibration model created from laboratory data can easily be transferred to a real-time, on-line situation.\u00a0 Classification is relatively simple in this case and there is no question that a calibration model can be created in the laboratory and then used to distinguish between powder types in the industrial process line.\u00a0 The spectral differences are more pronounced in the first derivative spectra but it is important to maintain good signal-to-noise ratio.\u00a0 In any case, the spectral differences are large enough in both the absorbance and first derivative spectra that both types of spectra can be used for modeling.\u00a0 Overall, the results of this study were excellent and clearly proved that emulsion and suspension PVC powders can be separated using spectral data collected using the Brimrose AOTF-NIR Free Space spectrometer.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
AOTF<\/a>\n Brimrose<\/a>\n KOH\u5728\u7ebf\u68c0\u6d4b<\/a>\n PET\u7f9f\u503c<\/a>\n PET\u9178\u503c<\/a>\n \u4fbf\u643a\u5f0f\u5149\u8c31\u4eea<\/a>\n \u4fbf\u643a\u5f0f\u8fd1\u7ea2\u5916<\/a>\n \u5085\u91cc\u53f6\u7ea2\u5916\u5149\u8c31\u4eea<\/a>\n \u5206\u5b50\u91cf\u5728\u7ebf<\/a>\n \u542b\u6c34\u7387\u5728\u7ebf\u68c0\u6d4b<\/a>\n \u5728\u7ebf\u7f9f\u503c<\/a>\n \u5728\u7ebf\u8fd1\u7ea2\u5916<\/a>\n \u5728\u7ebf\u8fd1\u7ea2\u5916\u5149\u8c31\u4eea<\/a>\n \u5728\u7ebf\u8fd1\u7ea2\u5916\u5206\u6790\u7cfb\u7edf<\/a>\n \u5728\u7ebf\u9178\u503c<\/a>\n \u624b\u6301\u5f0f\u5149\u8c31\u4eea<\/a>\n \u7ea2\u5916\u5149\u8c31\u4eea<\/a>\n \u7ea2\u5916\u5149\u8c31\u5206\u6790\u4eea\u5668<\/a>\n \u7ea2\u5916\u5728\u7ebf<\/a>\n \u8fd1\u7ea2\u5916\u5149\u8c31<\/a>\n \u8fd1\u7ea2\u5916\u5149\u8c31\u5206\u6790\u4eea<\/a>\n \u8fd1\u7ea2\u5916\u5149\u8c31\u6280\u672f<\/a>\n \u8fd1\u7ea2\u5916\u5728\u7ebf\u5149\u8c31\u4eea<\/a>\n \u8fd1\u7ea2\u5916\u5728\u7ebf\u6c34\u5206\u6d4b\u5b9a\u4eea<\/a><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Brimrose AOTF-NIR\u5149\u8c31\u6cd5\u9274\u522b\u4e73\u6db2\u548c\u60ac\u6d6e\u805a\u6c2f\u4e59\u70efPVC\u7c89\u672b I. \u64cd\u4f5c\u603b\u7ed3 Brimrose AOTF-NIR Luminar 2030\u81ea\u7531\u7a7a\u95f4\u5149\u8c31\u4eea\u7528\u4e8e\u626b\u63cf2\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":19,"featured_media":158,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[33,34,43,48,47,53,62,55,49,40,42,36,35,63,41,59,51,57,60,52,56,58,37,39],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bihec.com\/brimrose\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/341"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bihec.com\/brimrose\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bihec.com\/brimrose\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bihec.com\/brimrose\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/19"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bihec.com\/brimrose\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=341"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.bihec.com\/brimrose\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/341\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bihec.com\/brimrose\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/158"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bihec.com\/brimrose\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=341"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bihec.com\/brimrose\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=341"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bihec.com\/brimrose\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=341"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}